Characteristics

1) Objectivity

2) Reliability

3) Validity

4) Generalization

1. Objectivity:-

Judged by the degree of agreement between the final scores assigned to different individuals by more than one independent observer.

2. Reliability:-

o Refers to consistency throughout a series of measurements.

o Some of the methods to determining reliability are using ‘check items’, administering the same test repeatedly; using a series of ‘parallel’ forms, etc.

3. Validity

Any measuring instrument is said to be valid when it measures what it purports to measure.

4. Generalization

The data collected from a sample can be utilized for drawing certain generalizations, applicable to a larger group from which the sample is drawn.

Advantages

•  Lead to more accurate results.
• Give optimum efficiency and reliability.
• Minimize the wastage of time as well as money.
• Instills confidence in the research.
• Provides satisfaction & success.