Artificial intelligence all previous/ past question papers
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Q4: What paths and cost will be returned by 1-Uniform Cost Search And 2-A* Search
AI previous question papers Sessional 1 2020
Q1. Answer the following.
- Which agent makes its action better based on the feedback from critic element? (01)
- How does a learning agent “learn”? (01)
Q2. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN LIEU OF SEARCH PROBLEM GIVEN BELOW. IF YOU COME ACROSS ANY TIES BREAK THEM ALPHABETICALLY. (10)
- WHAT PATH WOULD BREADTH-FIRST GRAPH SEARCH WOULD RETURN?
- WHAT PATH WOULD DEPTH-FIRST GRAPH SEARCH WOULD RETURN?
- WHAT PATH WOULD UNIFORM COST GRAPH SEARCH WOULD RETURN?
- WHAT PATH WOULD A* SEARCH WOULD RETURN?
| STATE | S | L | M | N | O | G |
| HEURISTIC | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
- CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING HEURISTICS
| STATE | S | L | M | N | O | G |
| H1 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| H2 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
- IS H1 ADMISSIBLE AND CONSISTENT?
- IS H2 ADMISSIBLE AND CONSISTENT?
Q3. FOR 8-PUZZLE PROBLEM, WE WANT TO SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION USING A* SEARCH. STATE THE FOLLOWING. (05)
1- STATES 2- SUCCESSOR FUNCTION 3- GOAL TEST 4- STEP COST 5- PATH COST
Artificial intelligence previous question paper Sessional 2 2020
Map colouring
1. Formulate this problem as a CSP
| Draw the constraint graph below and write the constraints at the graph edges. |
| Enforce all unary constraints by reducing the initial domains. |
| Circle every graph node and write the resulting domain inside the circle. |
- Which variable should we choose next?
Now we want to color the rest of the countries using the backtracking algorithm. We need to select a variable which we can assign a value. Which one should we choose?
- Which variable(s) does the Minimum Remaining Values* heuristic suggest that you try next? (*i.e, choose the variable with the fewest legal values). Check all that apply:
- BEL ▢ EST ▢ LAT ▢ LIT ▢ POL
- Which variable(s) does the Degree Heuristic* suggest that you try next?
(*i.e, choose the variable with most constraints on remaining variables). Check all that apply:
- BEL ▢ EST ▢ LAT ▢ LIT ▢ POL
3. Make the graph arc consistent
Assume that we color Poland Green. What are the resulting domains after enforcing arc consistency on the graph?
Artificial intelligence previous final question Paper 2020
Q1. Consider the following Axioms. (18)
- 0 ≤ 5
- B ≤ C ( ≤ sign changes to ≥ if B > C)
- ∀ x x ≤ x
- ∀ x x ≤ x + 0
- ∀ x x + 0 ≤ x
- ∀ x, y x + y ≤ y + x
- ∀ x, y, z w ≤ y ⋀ x ≤ z ⟹ w + x ≤ y + z
- ∀ x, y, z x ≤ y ⋀ y ≤ z ⟹ x ≤ z
- Give a backward chaining proof of the sentence B ≤ 5 + C. Show only the steps that lead to success.
- Give a Forward chaining proof of the sentence B ≤ 5 + C. Show only the steps that lead to success.
NOTE: B and C are the two significant digits of your roll number i.e For roll no 023 [ 2 is B and 3 is C ]
Q2. CONSIDER A VOCABULARY WITH FOLLOWING SYMBOLS. (07)
OCCUPATION (P,O): PREDICATE. PERSON P HAS OCCUPATION O
CUSTOMER (P1, P2): PREDICATE. PERSON P1 IS A CUSTOMER OF PERSON P2
BOSS (P1 , P2 ): PREDICATE. PERSON P1 IS A BOSS OF PERSON P2
CONSTANTS DENOTING OCCUPATIONS: ARCHITECT, TEACHER, ACCOUNTANT, ARTIST
CONSTANTS DENOTING PEOPLE: SANA , JAMAL , SALEEM
USE THE SYMBOLS TO WRITE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IN FIRST ORDER LOGIC.
- SANA IS EITHER AN ARCHITECT OR A TEACHER.
- JAMAL IS AN ARCHITECT AND HE HOLDS ANOTHER JOB.
- ALL TEACHERS ARE ARTIST.
- JAMAL HAS NO ACCOUNTANT (NOT A CUSTOMER).
- SALEEM HAS HIRED SERVICES OF ARCHITECT AND ARTIST. ( IS A BOSS)
- THERE EXIST AN ACCOUNTANT WHOSE CUSTOMERS ARE ALL TEACHERS.
- EVERY ARTIST HAS AN ACCOUNTANT.
Artificial intelligence past question paper Final 2022
Q1: IN TABLE GIVEN BELOW, FOR THE FOLLOWING TERMS ON LEFT CHOOSE THE CORRECT DEFINITION, YOU ONLY HAVE TO ANSWER 4 TERMS BASED ON LAST 2 DIGITS OF YOUR ROLL NO. (Choose two terms based on your last two digits of roll number and other two terms will be calculated according to the given formula (if digit is even, add 1 to
it, if digit is odd, subtract 1 into it. For example,
If your roll number is 03, the four terms you will answer for are 0 (Sound), 3 (Entailment), 0-1-1 (Term)
and 3-1-2 (Conjunctive Normal Form)ROLL NO TERMS 0 SOUND TERM CHOICES
DISJUNCTION OF LITERALS, AT MOST ONE OF WHICH IS POSITIVE
DESCRIBE A SENTENCE THAT IS TRUE IN SOME MODEL.
ASSOCIATES SYMBOLS WITH WORLD OBJECTS, RELATIONS, AND FUNCTIONS.
- CONJUNCTIVE
- NORMAL FORM
- ENTAILMENT
- SATISFIABLE
HORN CLAUSE
REPRESENTED AS A CANONICAL CONIUNCTION OF DISJUNCTIONS
DESCRIBE A SENTENCE THAT IS FALSE IN ALL MODELS. DEFINES TRUTH OF EACH SENTENCE WITH RESPECT TO EACH POSSIBLE WORLD
COMPLETE
CONSTRUCTED FROM SIMPLER SENTENCES, PARENTHESES, AND CONNECTORS. AN INFERENCE PROCEDURE THAT DERIVES ONLY ENTAILED SENTENCES.
SEMANTICS
SYNTAX
DESCRIBE A SENTENCE THAT IS TRUE DE ALL MODELS
AN INFERENCE PROCEDURE THAT DERVISALL ENTAILED SENTENCES.
CHAIN OF INFERENCE RULE CONCLUSIONS LEADING TO A DESIRED SENTENCE.
9
UNSATISFIABLE
10
AGENT
11 12
PROOF
VALID
A FIRST ORDER LOGIC EXPRESSION THAT REFERS 30) AN OBJECT. PERCEIVES ENVIRONMENT BY SENSORS, ACTS BY ACTUATORS.
SPECIFIES ALL THE SENTENCES IN THE LANGUAGE THAT ALF WELL FORMED.
13
INTERPRETATION
14
COMPLEX SENTENCES
THE IDEA THAT A SENTENCE FOLLU
TOUICALLY FROM HER SENTENCE.
Q2-USE THE SYMBOLS TO WRITE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IN FIRST ORDER LOGIC. (0)
1. AYESHA PERFORMS ATHLETICS
2. ATTIA PROFESSION IS MEDICINE AND SHE SPENDS HER FREE TIME WATCHING MOVIES.
3. ALL STUDENTS WHO TAKE AI PASSES IT. 4. SOME STUDENTS WHO FAILED OID NOT STUDY.
5. NIMBA WANTED TO BE A BOLOGIST BUT SHE BECAME PHYSICIST.
6. FOR ALL STUDENTS WHO STUDY BIOLOGY, SOME BECOME DOCTORS AND SOME BECOME PHARMACIST
Q3-SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM USING RESOLUTION INFERENCE RULE.(10)
EVERYONE WHO LOVES ALL ANIMALS IS LOVED BY SOMEONE, ANYONE WHO KILLS AN ANIMAL IS LOVED BY NO ONE. AC
LOVES ALL ANIMALS. EITHER ALL OR IFRAH KILLED THE CAT, WHO IS NAMED PLUTO. DIDIFRAH KILLED THE CAT?
Q4-CONSIDER A LOGICAL BASE FINANCIAL ADVISER. (20)
THE FUNCTION IS TO ADVISE A USER ABOUT WHETHER TO INVEST IN STOCKS OR SAVINGS. SOME INVESTORS MIGHT
WANT TO SPLIT THEIR MONEY, LET’S SAY THAT WE HAVE DETERMINED THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1.INDIVIDUALS WITH INADEQUATE SAVINGS SHOULD MAKE INCREASING SAVINGS THEIR TOP PRIORITY, REGARDLESS OF
INCOME
2. INDIVIDUALS WITH ADEQUATE SAVINGS AND ADEQUATE INCOME SHOULD CONSIDER STOCKS, WHICH ARE RISKIER
BUT POTENTIALLY MORE PROFIT.
3. INDIVIDUALS WITH A LOWER INCOME AND ALREADY HAVE ADEQUATE SAVINGS SHOULD SPLIT THEIR INCOME
BETWEEN SAVINGS AND STOCKS.
OUR RULE IS TO HAVE AT LEAST $5000 IN THE BANK FOR EACH DEPENDENT. AN ADEQUATE INCOME MUST BE STEADY AND SUPPLY AT LEAST $15000 PER YEAR PLUS $4000 FOR EACH DEPENDENT. LET’S START CODING UP SOME RULES:
SAVINGS ACCOUNT(INADEQUATE)→ INVESTMENT(SAVINGS). SAVINGS ACCOUNT(ADEQUATE) INCOME (ADEQUATE) INVESTMENT(STOCKS).
SAVINGS ACCOUNT(ADEQUATE) INCOME(INADEQUATE)→INVESTMENT COMBINATION).
1. YOU HAVE TO DEFINE RULES IN FOL FOR MINIMUM SAVINGS AND ADEQUACY OF SAVINGS. (5+5=10) 2- SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM USING RULES GIVEN/DERIVED BY ABOVE INFORMATION. (5+5=10) JAMAL HAS FOUR DEPENDENTS, A STEADY INCOME OF $30,000 AND $15,000 IN HIS SAVING ACCOUNT. A)-SHOW THE ABOVE INFORMATION BY ADDING APPROPRIATE PREDICATES FROM EXAMPLE ABOVE. B)- DETERMINE HIS SUGGESTED INVESTMENT WITH THE HELP OF INFERENCE RULES.
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